If 10% of Led Zeppelin’s Catalog Is Up for Sale, What’s It Worth?

If Helen Grant, the daughter of late Led Zeppelin manager Peter Grant, is selling a 10% share of the band’s music assets, as reported by Music Week and The Times, she’s in for a very nice payout.

According to that article, Grant owns not only an interest in the band’s record catalog and song publishing catalog but also a 10% share in other rights including trademarks, merchandising and other business ventures. When he died in 1995, Peter Grant, who owned a 20% stake in the band’s music assets, appears to have split that stake evenly between Helen and her brother Warren, leaving each of them a 10% share.

While Led Zeppelin originally signed to Atlantic Records back in 1968, in 1975 the band started its own record label, Swan Song, and began issuing its music under that logo beginning with its fifth album, Physical Graffiti. Like other superstar acts of its day, the band later negotiated to obtain ownership of its entire recorded masters catalog, not just the Swan Song records, according to sources.

It’s unclear if Led Zeppelin still owns the rest of the Swan Song catalog, which includes albums by Bad Company, the Pretty Things and Maggie Bell — and, if it does, whether Helen Grant has a stake in that and is offering it up for sale, too. At the very least, according to the most recent filing containing a list of shareholders for Bad Company Entertainment, the Peter Grant estate has a 20% stake in that company as well. It’s unclear if that interest is a part of any contemplated sale.

The Music Week article reports that Helen Grant has hired Ian Penman of New Media Law to shop her share of the Zeppelin assets. Penmen didn’t respond to an e-mail request seeking to confirm the potential asset sale. Warner Music Group declined to comment, while queries to other possible press representatives for the band went unanswered.

According to a list of shareholders included in the last filing from Superhype Tapes Ltd — one of the dozen or so companies affiliated with the Led Zeppelin principals that have filings in Companies House (the U.K. equivalent of the U.S. SEC) — dated July 30, 2014, Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page owns 80% of the shares of Led Zeppelin music assets, while Helen and Warren Grant own 10% each. However, in the company’s July 25, 2000, filing, Page and the estate of Peter Grant were each listed as having a 50% stake in the company, while Page and fellow Led Zeppelin members Robert Plant and John Baldwin [aka John Paul Jones], as well as Joan Hudson of the band’s accounting firm, were listed as directors of the company. It’s unclear how or when the percentages changed and if it occurred through a negotiation or an earlier buyout of a portion of the Grant estate’s share in the company.

It’s also unclear which Led Zeppelin assets fall under this company, although its incorporation document, filed in October 1969, states that it was established to manufacture, produce, buy, sell, exploit and deal in gramophone records, tapes, sound recordings and other sound bearing devices and musical instruments, among other possible business lines. On the other hand, as noted, Superhype Tapes appears to be one of about a dozen companies incorporated for Led Zeppelin that have listings in Companies House, although some of those listed companies are dormant. Consequently, it’s unclear which Led Zeppelin music assets fall under the control of Superhype Tapes.

Another Led Zeppelin-affiliated company, United Blag Productions, shows Helen Grant with a 10% stake, while the other three living Led Zeppelin members each have 22.5%, as do the Bonham heirs, collectively.

According to what appears to be incorporation papers for United Blag — filed under its previous name of Langwest on Aug. 16, 1974 — around the time of the formation of Swan Song, the purpose of the company was to act as managers for singers, musicians and other creative entertainers as well as to produce and distribute sound recordings of all kinds as well as handling pictures, films and TV show appearances of all kinds.

Regardless of the incongruent ownership stakes listed for the Led Zeppelin members for Superhype Tapes and United Blag Productions, it looks like Helen Grant is selling a 10% stake in the band’s assets controlled by those two companies, which would mean she is selling a passive royalty income stream. 

Still, the iconic Led Zeppelin catalog remains a considerable economic driver — averaging just over 1 million album consumption units annually in the United States alone over the last three years. As such, Billboard estimates that the band’s master recordings catalog generates about $24 million in revenue annually and that after deducting for production and distribution, the band likely reaped about $21 million of that amount. If the recordings carried a 20 times multiple, that would give the Led Zeppelin recorded masters catalog a nearly $420 million valuation — 10% of which would be $42 million.

Meanwhile, Billboard estimates that the publishing catalog averaged about $10.4 million annually over the last three years. After deducting a 10% administration fee, that would leave $9.4 million in revenue for the band, which at a 25 times multiple would be worth about $235 million. 

While that valuation uses a high multiple, which some music asset traders might question, that concern would likely be offset by the upside potential for generating additional revenue through synch licensing. While synch typically can comprise about 25% of a publishing portfolio’s revenue base, Led Zeppelin has been very selective in granting licensing opportunities, which likely has depressed the band’s overall publishing revenue. Billboard’s valuation model uses a much smaller percentage than 25% of revenue for synch royalties in extrapolating overall publishing revenue.

Regardless of the publishing catalog’s valuation, it’s unclear how Grant would be paid from that considering that the principal songwriters in the band likely each own their publishing, as well as their songwriter share.

On the other hand, it’s conceivable that the band, along with Grant, collectively owns its publishing, which would divide 50% among the four band members and the Grant heirs, leaving the other 50%, or $6.35 million, for the songwriters to split; or that Grant owned 20% of the publishing and the band members owned the remaining publishing stakes in each of the songs they composed. Either way, that could leave Helen Grant with a 10% stake in the publishing, or a 5% stake in the publishing revenue, resulting in a $15 million-$16 million valuation, if the Grant estate indeed does own a stake in the band’s publishing.

But Billboard could find no mention of a Grant ownership stake in the sole Led Zeppelin publishing company that appears to be an ongoing operation, Flames of Albion Music, listed at Companies House.

The last document for that company, filed on May 11, 2016, listed Page, Plant, Baldwin and the Bonham heirs — Patricia Bonham, Jason Bonham and Zoe Bonham — as shareholders, while neither of the Grant heirs are listed.

But there is still merch revenue, trademarks and likeness and image to consider. Billboard estimates that Led Zeppelin averages about $2 million in merch each year. At a 10-times multiple, that would arrive at a $20 million valuation, with a 10% stake translating to $2 million. (Collectively, Billboard‘s valuation for Led Zeppelin’s recorded music, publishing and merch is about $670 million.)